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The growth of the translation studies as a separate discipline is the success story of the 1980s. The subject has developed in many parts of the world, bringing together the work in a wide variety of fields, including the history, linguistics, literary study, anthropology, psychology and economics. Of course, the translation is the rewriting of the original text, and the rewriting, in its turn, is a manipulation technique which can help us in the evolution of the literature and the society. The rewritings can introduce new concepts, genres and devices. Therefore, we can say that the history of translation is also the history of literary innovations. The study of the manipulative processes of literature exemplified by translation can help the readers towards a greater awareness of the world in which they live. According to the well-known definition of translation advanced by Roman Jakobson, the translation is the interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language; the interlingual translation is the interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language; and the intersemiotic translation is the interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of non-verbal sign systems. (Munday, 2009:5)
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- André Lefevere “Translation, History, Culture. A Sourcebook, Routledge, New York, 1992.
- Annaliese Connolly “Cliffs Notes on Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet,” IDG Books Worldwide Inc., New York, 2000.
- Anne Marie Hacht “Shakespeare for Students. Critical Interpretations of Shakespeare’s Plays and Poetry,” Thomson Gale, London, 2007.
- Anthony Pym “Exploring Translation Theories,” Routledge, New York, 2014.
- Chris Barker “The Sage Dictionary of Cultural Studies,” Sage Publications Ltd., London, 2011.
- Christina Schäffner “Translation and Norms,” Multilingual Matters Ltd., Toronto, 1999.
- Clive Scott “The Work of Literary Translation,” Cambridge University Press, New York, 2018.
- Daniel Gouadec “Translation as a Profession,” John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 2007.
- Douglas Robinson “Becoming a Translator. An Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Translation,” Routledge, New York, 2003.
- Emma Smith “The Cambridge Introduction to Shakespeare,” Cambridge University Press, New York, 2007.