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Sounds can be divided into two major categories – consonants and vowels. A consonant sound is one in which the air flow is cut off, either partially or completely, when the sound is produced. In contrast, a vowel sound is one in which the air flow is unobstructed when the sound is made. The distinction between vowels and consonants is based upon their articulatory and acoustic characteristics. Unlike consonants vowels are produced with no obstruction to the stream of the air and on the perception level their integral characteristics is a musical sound or tone formed by means of periodic vibrations of the vocal cords in the larynx. The resulting sound waves are transmitted to the supra-laryngeal cavities (the pharynx and the mouth cavity) where vowels receive their characteristic timbre. It is known from acoustics that the quality of the sound depends mainly on the shape and size of the resonators. In the case of vowels the resonator is always the same but the shape and size of it can vary.
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