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The language is considered to be a system of communication which has literal and figurative meanings. While the literal meaning is the direct reference of words or sentences to objects, the figurative sense is used for giving an imaginative description or a special effect. Therefore, the meaning of individual words in an expression has nothing to do with the comprehension of the whole meaning. Such a meaning characterizes notions like metaphors, similes, idioms, etc. The metaphors have a great extent use in everyday language and are considered to be one of the most frequently used means of the non-literal language. In daily life there are things that are seen and there are things that we as individuals do not see or realize. The metaphors are one of the unseen and usually one of the unrealized. We use them daily, in our papers, speeches and everyday conversations. The common-sense traditional teaching often presents the use of metaphors as an anomaly or an unusual way of using language. Over the last thirty years, however, the philosophers and linguists have begun to agree that the metaphors are an indispensable basis of the language and thought. Today we view them as an esoteric literary device beyond their use or understanding. However, most of us use metaphors regularly without realizing it.
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- Michael Ferber “A Dictionary of Literary Symbols,” Cambridge University Press, New York, 1999.
- Murray Knowles and Rosamund Moon “Introducing Metaphor,” Routledge, New York, 2006.