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There are many ways of speaking, and each way of speaking is a variety. In a more precise manner, a variety may be defined as a set of linguistic items with similar social distribution (Hudson R., Sociolinguistics,1996:21).
Languages can be at variance in lexical, grammatical, phonological and other ways depends on different social, geographical and other circumstances determine what elements will be needed and, therefore developed, and for that reason sociolinguistics believe that such unique sets of items or patterns do exist.
Wardhaugh in Introduction to Sociolinguistics (2006:4) distinguish the terms language and dialect as follows: “Lower part of variety language is dialect and as the main part is language, therefore we can say that Texas English and Swiss German are dialects of English and German”. Some languages have more than one dialect for instance English are spoken in various dialects. Language and dialect can be the same when language was spoken by a few people and has only one variety but it is unsuitable to say dialect and language is the same because the requirement of lower part can’t be found (ibid).
Edward (Language and Identity: An Introduction, 2009:6) defines dialect as a variety of a language that differs from others along three dimensions: vocabulary, grammar and pronunciation (accent). Because they are forms of the same language. He states also dialects are mutually unintelligible.
The dividing lines between the concepts of a language, a variety and a dialect are not absolutely clear-cut however. To refer to something as a language rather than a dialect is to afford it more status. That is to say, if something is viewed as a language in its own right, it is accorded a greater respect than a dialect is. For this reason, in cases where the communities using the variety have clear political and geographical boundaries and distinct institutions, and perhaps also have established literary or cultural histories, the variety is more likely to be accorded the status of a language in its own right.
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